When Union troops landed on Hilton Head Island, South Carolina, in late 1861, they found that Confederate General Thomas Fenwick Drayton—like all the island’s White inhabitants—had fled, leaving behind his 700-acre plantation and the 102 men, women, and children he enslaved there. This photograph by the New Hampshire photographer Henry P. Moore depicts people not yet free, continuing to work the fields now held by Union soldiers. The Emancipation Proclamation was still a year away.