As British colonies, American needs gave rise to an extensive trading network of both basic and luxury goods. This process began with the manufacturers in Britain’s industrial centers, which for the trade in copper and brass were Bristol, Birmingham, and London. The quantities of English copper and brass exported to prerevolutionary America proved considerable. As early as 1700, records indicate that 28 tons of brass were shipped to the American colonies. By 1760, that number had increased almost tenfold. Though the Revolution interrupted this trade, British-made goods again flooded the American market after the signing of a peace agreement.

The shoehorn was introduced in the latter half of the 17th century as shoes became more prevalent than boots. To protect the backs of close-fitting shoes from damage, the shoehorn was introduced to extend their life. As its name suggests, a number were made of animal horn but silver, wood, and brass were also employed.  As brass ones were hammered into shape, it was necessary to stretch and bend the metal in both directions to achieve the desired contour.