This large dinner service that was probably a special order by Thomas Willing, one of Philadelphia’s wealthiest men at the time of American Revolution and later an active participant in the China trade. He served in a number of civic offices, including mayor of Philadelphia and as part of Pennsylvania’s delegation to the Continental Congress. He was later named the first president of the Bank of the United States, working closely with Alexander Hamilton as the Treasury Secretary. Decorated with urns and swags, Willing’s dinner service kept pace with the decorative fashions of the federal period.

Throughout the colonial period, Chinese manufacturers made wares specifically designed for Western markets, but it was not until after independence that Americans traded directly with China, and they did so beginning in 1785 as the ship Empress of China returned with its cargo.